彝字
彝字(彝语:ꆈꌠꁱꂷ,nuosu bburma,[nɔ̄sū bū̠mā]),又称夷字、爨文、韪书、蝌蚪文、倮语、倮倮文、毕摩文咾啥,是彝族用来记录彝语个文字。不同地区传统彝字推扳交关,《滇川黔桂彝文字集》分八卷收录著87,000多隻彝字;而将来尤一码字面,拢共有得88,591隻彝字。
历史
编辑贵州省六枝特区拦龙桥碑记约镌于南宋末年,是今存世顶早个彝字文献。早期彝字侪是表意文字,随著辰光推移,大量表音节个符号加进来,成为表意为主、表音为辅、意音结合个意音文字。
1974年,四川省民委语文工作组搭凉山州语文工作指导委员会对北部彝语用字进行改造,拟定《彝文规范方案》,后于1980年经国务院批准推广。箇套方案完完全全是音节文字。
1983年,云南省彝文规范领导小组开始拟定跨方言个《云南规范彝文方案》,1987年经省政府批准试行。1994年出版《云南规范彝文汉文字词对照》。1995年云南省进一步完善隻方案。箇套方案是意音文字。
1991年,贵州出版《简明彝汉字典》(贵州本),对东部彝语用字进行整理,区分著正体搭异体。
凉山彝字
编辑声母 | - | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
韵母 | IPA | - | p | pʰ | b | m͡b | m̥ | m | f | v | t | tʰ | d | n͡d | n̥ | n | ɬ | l | k | kʰ | ɡ | ŋ͡ɡ | h | ŋ | x | ɣ | t͡s | t͡sʰ | d͡z | nd͡z | s | z | t͡ʂ | t͡ʂʰ | d͡ʐ | nd͡ʐ | ʂ | ʐ | t͡ɕ | t͡ɕʰ | d͡ʑ | nd͡ʑ | ȵ | ɕ | ʑ | |
i
/i/ |
it | i̋ | ꀀ | ꀖ | ꀸ | ꁖ | ꁶ | ꂑ | ꂮ | ꃍ | ꃢ | ꄀ | ꄚ | ꄶ | ꅑ | ꅨ | ꅽ | ꆗ | ꆷ | ꇚ | ꇸ | ꈔ | ꉆ | ꉮ | ꊍ | ꊮ | ꋐ | ꋭ | ꌉ | ꌪ | ꏠ | ꏼ | ꐘ | ꐱ | ꑊ | ꑝ | ꑱ | |||||||||
ix | ǐ | ꀁ | ꀗ | ꀹ | ꁗ | ꁷ | ꂒ | ꂯ | ꃎ | ꃣ | ꄁ | ꄛ | ꄷ | ꅒ | ꅩ | ꅾ | ꆘ | ꆸ | ꇛ | ꇹ | ꈕ | ꉇ | ꊎ | ꊯ | ꋑ | ꋮ | ꌊ | ꌫ | ꏡ | ꏽ | ꐙ | ꐲ | ꑋ | ꑞ | ꑲ | |||||||||||
i | ī | ꀂ | ꀘ | ꀺ | ꁘ | ꁸ | ꂓ | ꂰ | ꃏ | ꃤ | ꄂ | ꄜ | ꄸ | ꅓ | ꅪ | ꅿ | ꆙ | ꆹ | ꇜ | ꇺ | ꈖ | ꉈ | ꊏ | ꊰ | ꋒ | ꋯ | ꌋ | ꌬ | ꏢ | ꏾ | ꐚ | ꐳ | ꑌ | ꑟ | ꑳ | |||||||||||
ip | î | ꀃ | ꀙ | ꀻ | ꁙ | ꁹ | ꂔ | ꂱ | ꃐ | ꃥ | ꄃ | ꄝ | ꄹ | ꅔ | ꅫ | ꆀ | ꆚ | ꆺ | ꇝ | ꇻ | ꉉ | ꊐ | ꊱ | ꋓ | ꋰ | ꌌ | ꌭ | ꏣ | ꏿ | ꐛ | ꐴ | ꑍ | ꑠ | ꑴ | ||||||||||||
ie
/ɛ/ |
iet | ɛ̋ | ꀄ | ꀚ | ꁚ | ꃦ | ꅬ | ꆻ | ꇞ | ꉊ | ꊲ | ꋔ | ꏤ | ꐀ | ꐜ | ꐵ | ꑎ | ꑡ | ꑵ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
iex | ɛ̌ | ꀅ | ꀛ | ꀼ | ꁛ | ꁺ | ꂕ | ꂲ | ꃧ | ꄄ | ꄞ | ꄺ | ꅕ | ꅭ | ꆁ | ꆛ | ꆼ | ꇟ | ꇼ | ꈗ | ꈰ | ꉋ | ꉝ | ꉯ | ꊑ | ꊳ | ꋕ | ꋱ | ꌍ | ꌮ | ꏥ | ꐁ | ꐝ | ꐶ | ꑏ | ꑢ | ꑶ | |||||||||
ie | ɛ̄ | ꀆ | ꀜ | ꀽ | ꁜ | ꁻ | ꂖ | ꂳ | ꃨ | ꄅ | ꄟ | ꄻ | ꅖ | ꅮ | ꆂ | ꆜ | ꆽ | ꇠ | ꇽ | ꈘ | ꈱ | ꉌ | ꉞ | ꉰ | ꊒ | ꊴ | ꋖ | ꋲ | ꌎ | ꌯ | ꏦ | ꐂ | ꐞ | ꐷ | ꑐ | ꑣ | ꑷ | |||||||||
iep | ɛ̂ | ꀇ | ꀝ | ꀾ | ꁝ | ꁼ | ꂗ | ꂴ | ꃩ | ꄆ | ꄠ | ꄼ | ꅯ | ꆃ | ꆝ | ꆾ | ꇡ | ꇾ | ꈙ | ꉍ | ꉟ | ꊓ | ꊵ | ꋗ | ꋳ | ꌏ | ꌰ | ꏧ | ꐃ | ꐟ | ꐸ | ꑑ | ꑤ | ꑸ | ||||||||||||
a
/a/ |
at | a̋ | ꀈ | ꀞ | ꀿ | ꁞ | ꁽ | ꂘ | ꂵ | ꃑ | ꃪ | ꄇ | ꄡ | ꄽ | ꅗ | ꅰ | ꆞ | ꆿ | ꇢ | ꇿ | ꈚ | ꈲ | ꉎ | ꉠ | ꉱ | ꊀ | ꊔ | ꊶ | ꋘ | ꋴ | ꌐ | ꌱ | ꍆ | ꍡ | ꎔ | ꎫ | ꏆ | |||||||||
ax | ǎ | ꀉ | ꀟ | ꁀ | ꁟ | ꁾ | ꂙ | ꂶ | ꃒ | ꃫ | ꄈ | ꄢ | ꄾ | ꅘ | ꅱ | ꆄ | ꆟ | ꇀ | ꇣ | ꈀ | ꈛ | ꈳ | ꉏ | ꉡ | ꉲ | ꊁ | ꊕ | ꊷ | ꋙ | ꋵ | ꌑ | ꌲ | ꍇ | ꍢ | ꍼ | ꎕ | ꎬ | ꏇ | ||||||||
a | ā | ꀊ | ꀠ | ꁁ | ꁠ | ꁿ | ꂚ | ꂷ | ꃓ | ꃬ | ꄉ | ꄣ | ꄿ | ꅙ | ꅲ | ꆅ | ꆠ | ꇁ | ꇤ | ꈁ | ꈜ | ꈴ | ꉐ | ꉢ | ꉳ | ꊂ | ꊖ | ꊸ | ꋚ | ꋶ | ꌒ | ꌳ | ꍈ | ꍣ | ꍽ | ꎖ | ꎭ | ꏈ | ||||||||
ap | â | ꀋ | ꀡ | ꁂ | ꁡ | ꂀ | ꂛ | ꂸ | ꃔ | ꃭ | ꄊ | ꄤ | ꅀ | ꅚ | ꅳ | ꆆ | ꆡ | ꇂ | ꇥ | ꈂ | ꈝ | ꈵ | ꉑ | ꉣ | ꉴ | ꊃ | ꊗ | ꊹ | ꋛ | ꋷ | ꌓ | ꌴ | ꍉ | ꍤ | ꎗ | ꎮ | ꏉ | |||||||||
uo
/ɔ/ |
uot | ɔ̋ | ꂹ | ꄥ | ꇃ | ꇦ | ꈞ | ꉒ | ꉤ | ꉵ | ꍥ | ꏨ | ꐄ | ꑹ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
uox | ɔ̌ | ꀌ | ꀢ | ꁃ | ꁢ | ꂜ | ꂺ | ꄋ | ꄦ | ꅁ | ꅴ | ꆇ | ꆢ | ꇄ | ꇧ | ꈃ | ꈟ | ꈶ | ꉓ | ꉥ | ꉶ | ꊄ | ꊘ | ꊺ | ꋸ | ꌔ | ꍊ | ꍦ | ꍾ | ꎯ | ꏊ | ꏩ | ꐅ | ꐠ | ꐹ | ꑒ | ꑥ | ꑺ | ||||||||
uo | ɔ̄ | ꀍ | ꀣ | ꁄ | ꁣ | ꂝ | ꂻ | ꄌ | ꄧ | ꅂ | ꅵ | ꆈ | ꆣ | ꇅ | ꇨ | ꈄ | ꈠ | ꈷ | ꉔ | ꉦ | ꉷ | ꊅ | ꊙ | ꊻ | ꋹ | ꌕ | ꍋ | ꍧ | ꍿ | ꎰ | ꏋ | ꏪ | ꐆ | ꐡ | ꐺ | ꑓ | ꑦ | ꑻ | ||||||||
uop | ɔ̂ | ꀎ | ꀤ | ꁅ | ꁤ | ꂞ | ꂼ | ꄨ | ꅃ | ꆉ | ꆤ | ꇆ | ꇩ | ꈅ | ꈡ | ꈸ | ꉕ | ꉸ | ꊆ | ꊚ | ꊼ | ꌖ | ꍌ | ꍨ | ꎱ | ꏌ | ꏫ | ꐇ | ꐢ | ꑔ | ꑼ | |||||||||||||||
o
/o/ |
ot | ő | ꀏ | ꀥ | ꁆ | ꁥ | ꂁ | ꂟ | ꂽ | ꃮ | ꄍ | ꄩ | ꅄ | ꅛ | ꅶ | ꆊ | ꇇ | ꇪ | ꈆ | ꈢ | ꈹ | ꉖ | ꉧ | ꉹ | ꊛ | ꊽ | ꌗ | ꌵ | ꍍ | ꍩ | ꎀ | ꎲ | ꏍ | ꏬ | ꐈ | ꐣ | ꐻ | ꑕ | ꑧ | ꑽ | ||||||
ox | ǒ | ꀐ | ꀦ | ꁇ | ꁦ | ꂂ | ꂠ | ꂾ | ꃕ | ꃯ | ꄎ | ꄪ | ꅅ | ꅜ | ꅷ | ꆋ | ꆥ | ꇈ | ꇫ | ꈇ | ꈣ | ꈺ | ꉗ | ꉨ | ꉺ | ꊇ | ꊜ | ꊾ | ꋜ | ꋺ | ꌘ | ꌶ | ꍎ | ꍪ | ꎁ | ꎘ | ꎳ | ꏎ | ꏭ | ꐉ | ꐤ | ꐼ | ꑖ | ꑨ | ꑾ | |
o | ō | ꀑ | ꀧ | ꁈ | ꁧ | ꂃ | ꂡ | ꂿ | ꃖ | ꃰ | ꄏ | ꄫ | ꅆ | ꅝ | ꆌ | ꆦ | ꇉ | ꇬ | ꈈ | ꈤ | ꈻ | ꉘ | ꉩ | ꉻ | ꊈ | ꊝ | ꊿ | ꋝ | ꌙ | ꌷ | ꍏ | ꍫ | ꎂ | ꎙ | ꎴ | ꏏ | ꏮ | ꐊ | ꐥ | ꐽ | ꑗ | ꑩ | ꑿ | |||
op | ô | ꀒ | ꀨ | ꁉ | ꁨ | ꂄ | ꂢ | ꃀ | ꃗ | ꃱ | ꄐ | ꄬ | ꅇ | ꅞ | ꅸ | ꆍ | ꆧ | ꇊ | ꇭ | ꈉ | ꈥ | ꈼ | ꉙ | ꉪ | ꉼ | ꊉ | ꊞ | ꋀ | ꋞ | ꋻ | ꌚ | ꌸ | ꍐ | ꍬ | ꎃ | ꎚ | ꎵ | ꏐ | ꏯ | ꐋ | ꐦ | ꐾ | ꑘ | ꑪ | ꒀ | |
e
/ɯ/ |
et | ɯ̋ | ꇮ | ꈊ | ꈦ | ꍑ | ꍭ | ꎄ | ꎛ | ꎶ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ex | ɯ̌ | ꀓ | ꀩ | ꁩ | ꃁ | ꃲ | ꄑ | ꄭ | ꅈ | ꅟ | ꅹ | ꆎ | ꆨ | ꇋ | ꇯ | ꈋ | ꈧ | ꈽ | ꉚ | ꉫ | ꉽ | ꊊ | ꊟ | ꋁ | ꋟ | ꋼ | ꌛ | ꌹ | ꍒ | ꍮ | ꎅ | ꎜ | ꎷ | ꏑ | ||||||||||||
e | [ɯ̄] | ꀔ | ꀪ | ꁪ | ꃂ | ꄒ | ꄮ | ꅉ | ꅠ | ꅺ | ꆏ | ꆩ | ꇌ | ꇰ | ꈌ | ꈨ | ꈾ | ꉛ | ꉬ | ꉾ | ꊋ | ꊠ | ꋂ | ꋠ | ꋽ | ꌜ | ꌺ | ꍓ | ꍯ | ꎆ | ꎝ | ꎸ | ꏒ | |||||||||||||
ep | ɯ̂ | ꀫ | ꁫ | ꃳ | ꄓ | ꄯ | ꅊ | ꅡ | ꅻ | ꆐ | ꆪ | ꇍ | ꇱ | ꈍ | ꈩ | ꈿ | ꉜ | ꉭ | ꉿ | ꊌ | ꊡ | ꋃ | ꋡ | ꌝ | ꌻ | ꍔ | ꍰ | ꎇ | ꎞ | ꎹ | ꏓ | |||||||||||||||
u
/u/ |
ut | ű | ꀬ | ꁊ | ꁬ | ꂅ | ꂣ | ꃃ | ꃘ | ꃴ | ꄔ | ꄰ | ꅋ | ꅢ | ꅼ | ꆑ | ꆫ | ꇎ | ꇲ | ꈎ | ꈪ | ꉀ | ꊢ | ꋄ | ꌞ | ꌼ | ꍕ | ꎈ | ꎟ | ꎺ | ꏔ | ꏰ | ꐌ | ꐧ | ꑙ | ꒁ | ||||||||||
ux | ǔ | ꀭ | ꁋ | ꁭ | ꂆ | ꂤ | ꃄ | ꃙ | ꃵ | ꄕ | ꄱ | ꅌ | ꅣ | ꆒ | ꆬ | ꇏ | ꇳ | ꈏ | ꈫ | ꉁ | ꊣ | ꋅ | ꋢ | ꋾ | ꌟ | ꌽ | ꍖ | ꍱ | ꎉ | ꎠ | ꎻ | ꏕ | ꏱ | ꐍ | ꐨ | ꐿ | ꑚ | ꒂ | ||||||||
u | ū | ꀮ | ꁌ | ꁮ | ꂇ | ꂥ | ꃅ | ꃚ | ꃶ | ꄖ | ꄲ | ꅍ | ꅤ | ꆓ | ꆭ | ꇐ | ꇴ | ꈐ | ꈬ | ꉂ | ꊤ | ꋆ | ꋣ | ꋿ | ꌠ | ꌾ | ꍗ | ꍲ | ꎊ | ꎡ | ꎼ | ꏖ | ꏲ | ꐎ | ꐩ | ꑀ | ꑛ | ꒃ | ||||||||
up | û | ꀯ | ꁍ | ꁯ | ꂈ | ꂦ | ꃆ | ꃛ | ꃷ | ꄗ | ꄳ | ꅎ | ꅥ | ꆔ | ꆮ | ꇑ | ꇵ | ꈑ | ꈭ | ꉃ | ꊥ | ꋇ | ꋤ | ꌀ | ꌡ | ꌿ | ꍘ | ꍳ | ꎋ | ꎢ | ꎽ | ꏗ | ꏳ | ꐏ | ꐪ | ꑁ | ꑜ | ꒄ | ||||||||
urx | ǔ̱ | ꀰ | ꁎ | ꁰ | ꂉ | ꂧ | ꃇ | ꃜ | ꃸ | ꄘ | ꄴ | ꅏ | ꅦ | ꆕ | ꆯ | ꇒ | ꇶ | ꈒ | ꈮ | ꉄ | ꊦ | ꋈ | ꋥ | ꌁ | ꌢ | ꍙ | ꍴ | ꎌ | ꎣ | ꎾ | ꏘ | ꏴ | ꐐ | ꐫ | ꑂ | ꒅ | ||||||||||
ur | ū̱ | ꀱ | ꁏ | ꁱ | ꂊ | ꂨ | ꃈ | ꃝ | ꃹ | ꄙ | ꄵ | ꅐ | ꅧ | ꆖ | ꆰ | ꇓ | ꇷ | ꈓ | ꈯ | ꉅ | ꊧ | ꋉ | ꋦ | ꌂ | ꌣ | ꍚ | ꍵ | ꎍ | ꎤ | ꎿ | ꏙ | ꏵ | ꐑ | ꐬ | ꑃ | ꒆ | ||||||||||
y
/ɿ/ |
yt | ɿ̋ | ꀲ | ꁐ | ꁲ | ꂋ | ꃉ | ꃞ | ꃺ | ꆱ | ꇔ | ꊨ | ꋊ | ꋧ | ꌃ | ꌤ | ꍀ | ꍛ | ꍶ | ꎎ | ꎥ | ꏀ | ꏚ | ꏶ | ꐒ | ꐭ | ꑄ | ꑫ | ꒇ | |||||||||||||||||
yx | ɿ̌ | ꀳ | ꁑ | ꁳ | ꂌ | ꂩ | ꃊ | ꃟ | ꃻ | ꆲ | ꇕ | ꊩ | ꋋ | ꋨ | ꌄ | ꌥ | ꍁ | ꍜ | ꍷ | ꎏ | ꎦ | ꏁ | ꏛ | ꏷ | ꐓ | ꐮ | ꑅ | ꑬ | ꒈ | |||||||||||||||||
y | ɿ̄ | ꀴ | ꁒ | ꁴ | ꂍ | ꂪ | ꃋ | ꃠ | ꃼ | ꆳ | ꇖ | ꊪ | ꋌ | ꋩ | ꌅ | ꌦ | ꍂ | ꍝ | ꍸ | ꎐ | ꎧ | ꏂ | ꏜ | ꏸ | ꐔ | ꐯ | ꑆ | ꑭ | ꒉ | |||||||||||||||||
yp | ɿ̂ | ꀵ | ꁓ | ꁵ | ꂎ | ꂫ | ꃌ | ꃡ | ꃽ | ꆴ | ꇗ | ꊫ | ꋍ | ꋪ | ꌆ | ꌧ | ꍃ | ꍞ | ꍹ | ꎑ | ꎨ | ꏃ | ꏝ | ꏹ | ꐕ | ꐰ | ꑇ | ꑮ | ꒊ | |||||||||||||||||
yrx | ɿ̱̌ | ꀶ | ꁔ | ꂏ | ꂬ | ꃾ | ꆵ | ꇘ | ꊬ | ꋎ | ꋫ | ꌇ | ꌨ | ꍄ | ꍟ | ꍺ | ꎒ | ꎩ | ꏄ | ꏞ | ꏺ | ꐖ | ꑈ | ꑯ | ꒋ | |||||||||||||||||||||
yr | ɿ̱̄ | ꀷ | ꁕ | ꂐ | ꂭ | ꃿ | ꆶ | ꇙ | ꊭ | ꋏ | ꋬ | ꌈ | ꌩ | ꍅ | ꍠ | ꍻ | ꎓ | ꎪ | ꏅ | ꏟ | ꏻ | ꐗ | ꑉ | ꑰ | ꒌ | |||||||||||||||||||||
韵母 | IPA | - | p | pʰ | b | m͡b | m̥ | m | f | v | t | tʰ | d | n͡d | n̥ | n | ɬ | l | k | kʰ | ɡ | ŋ͡ɡ | h | ŋ | x | ɣ | t͡s | t͡sʰ | d͡z | nd͡z | s | z | t͡ʂ | t͡ʂʰ | d͡ʐ | nd͡ʐ | ʂ | ʐ | t͡ɕ | t͡ɕʰ | d͡ʑ | nd͡ʑ | ȵ | ɕ | ʑ | |
声母 | - | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y |